Will it truly ever go away? Dinoflagellates vs. Metronidazole

[jason2459]

Posting time

From the bubble on the rock. Not much. A couple dinos but not moving at all.

Found a couple of these. Some kind of dinoflagelet but I do not think harmful and fully photosynthetic.

 

[jason2459]

Then from the Turbo Aquatics ATS. I sampled from a brownish mud like area that had bubbles

I found 1 single healthy mobile looking one

The rest (only 2 others!) I found were not looking the same with less color or more clear or bleached out. But mobile

Then also possibly some that were encysted but found a couple just teaming with bacteria that I had not seen before. Video will show better I think.

 

[jason2459]

The rest of the Life

Diatoms anyone?

 

[jason2459]

 

[jason2459]

Wait till you see the video of this. It's pretty funny. Complete chaos.

 

[jason2459]

 

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[jason2459]

Sample from top of rock... not much.

 

[jason2459]

From the ATS... lol and fyi those are not dinos


I seem to be missing video #4 and will have to look when I get home.

 

[jason2459]

 

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[jason2459]

Now this one is interesting. It looks deformed (extra growths on the surface). First ID of something else other then Dino's not looking right.

 

[jason2459]

Great article and describes what I see and think are Peridinium in my tank.

http://darwin.wcupa.edu/faculty/boettger/uploads/Main/phytolab 2015.pdf

"1. Peridinium – Although most dinoflagellates are marine, Peridinium is a biflagellate unicell that may live in both freshwater and marine environments. Peridinium, like many dinoflagellates, is heterotrophic with autotrophic capabilities. Therefore, the organisms contain many small chloroplasts, several carotenoids (responsible for the reddish-brown color) and usually small drops of oil and starch grains alongside the chloroplasts. Like all other dinoflagellates, Peridinium has a mesokaryotic nuclear organization, chromosomes lack histones and remain permanently condensed. During cell division chromosomes attach to the nuclear envelope, replicate and separate without the production of mitotic spindles. These primitive 5 nuclear features are not visible unless special stains were employed.

At the light microscopy level Peridinium is most readily recognized by its “armor” (you might think of them as fierce, armored plankters) and flagellar position. The armor, composed of cellulosic plates, may bear various types of ornamentation. The two flagellae emerge through a lateral pore (unlike the apical flagellum in euglenoids) with one flagellum extends as a cingulum in a groove called the girdle surrounding the organism. The other, shorter flagellum, extends posteriorly in a groove referred to as the sulcus. The two flagellae are both synchronized to direct the organism’s movement with the cingular beat propelling the cell forward and the shorted flagellum “steering” the cell. Though most dinoflagellates lack the light sensitive stigma, Peridinium is an exception and possesses a plastid bound eyespot near the location of the flagellar emergence. Peridinium reproduces both sexually and asexually. During sexual reproduction the theca or armor is being discarded (similar to a molting process) after which nuclear and cytoplasmic divisions occur."

 

[jason2459]

Cross posting back here because I like the scale added

At day 12 after 10 days of dosing I'm seeing

• a LOT less of the main dino's I see when I have a dino explosion. Those that I do see are now almost all seem to be effected in some way.
• What I think are encysted cells I think I've seen a couple that have been penetrated to at least the point that bacteria is attacking the insides.
• The other smaller type of flagellate I have seems unaffected so far (I think it's a type of Amphidinium but also believe it to be harmless)

Edit: to add scale Each division is .01mm or 10um(micrometer).

Between two different samples (one teaming with life) I only found a single mobile healthy looking dino
40x spring lens

Most that are moving are looking like this
100x spring and oil lens

These two objects that I've been seeing recently could be encysted dino's but these two are full of bacteria now that I haven't seen before

These little flagellates are still moving around as they were before and not looking any different. (some kind of Amphidinium possibly). Notice the size difference using the same lens as above two.

 

[jason2459]

http://darwin.wcupa.edu/faculty/boettger/uploads/Main/phytolab 2015.pdf
3. Amphidinium - Small to large (<10-100 µm) unarmored free-living cell, predominantly motile, sometimes enclosed in a hyaline cyst. Cells globular to fusiform, laterally or dorsoventrally compressed. Epicone small and hypocone large, as the cingulum is located in the anterior part of the cell. Some cells have larger epicones. Cingulum circular or little displaced with the cingulum making one or a just over one turn. Sulcus extends from cingulum to antapex or posterior portion of the organism, in some species to apex. Typical dinokaryon located in the hypocone. Chloroplasts may be either present or absent. Nutrition is phototrophic or phagotrophic either by ingestion of whole particles or by myzocytosis (“cellular vampirism”. Chloroplasts of some species may be derived from cryptophycean endosymbionts. Cytoplasm is hyaline (glassy) or of various colors, dense granules may be present. Some species form temporary cysts. Vegetative reproduction is conducted by binary fission. Sexual reproduction known but rare. Some species produce unusual sterols, others toxic substances. Amphidinium is cosmopolitan, marine, brackish or freshwater, planktonic or sand-dwelling and some species may be endosymbiotic.

 

[jason2459]

Video #4 was uploaded but youtube said it was to long and needed to verify my account. It's verified now and video is active.

Yes it's long and 15 minutes of following around the single healthy looking and mobile dino that I found

 

[jason2459]

Good paper on the cyst functions and stages

Towards an Ecological Understanding of Dinoflagellate Cyst Functions
Isabel Bravo 1,* and Rosa Isabel Figueroa 1,2
http://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/2/1/11/htm

"
Introduction
Dinoflagellates are aquatic, highly ecologically diverse, eukaryotic organisms. As one of the major groups of phytoplankton, they are important contributors to aquatic primary production. Because many dinoflagellate species are associated with harmful algal blooms (HABs) they have been the focus of intense study, including of their complex life cycle. More than 10% of the approximately 2000 known marine dinoflagellate species produce cysts as part of their life cycle (Figure 1). These benthic phases play an important role in the ecology of the species, as part of a planktonic-benthic link in which the cysts remain in the sediment layer during conditions unfavorable for vegetative growth and, from there, reinoculate the water column when favorable conditions are restored.

...
"

"Indeed, the longest-surviving dinoflagellate cysts were in the form of resting cysts, with the survival periods of various marine dinoflagellate resting stages ranging from several months to 100 years [76]. "

 

[jason2459]

I've been trying to get positive ID's for many things I find under the scope. For this large dino I've haven't stopped looking for a positive id of it. Closest I've found was some type of Peridinium. I am wrong unless it too or a type of it has two longitudinal flagella. I haven't seen anything to indicate that any var. of it does.

It's looking much more likely to be a type of Alexandrium. Which also has plates, a girdle and transverse undilipodium but has two of those longitudinal flagella. More researching.


Under high contrast, closed iris, and green filter. Can barely make out the two flagella coming out. Otherwise it looks like one the entire time.

Video that came from