Randy Holmes-Farley
Reef Chemist
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While there are many good articles out there on reef chemistry topics, here's a list of my articles.
Some of them need updating, and we'll be posting revisions at R2R, but there are not many things which I think are incorrect.
Handy Calculators (I don't claim to have written these, but they are very useful)
Reef Chemistry Calculator
Calcium Reactor Setup Help
General Articles
Optimal Parameters for a Coral Reef Aquarium
What is Seawater? by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Solving Common Problems
Chemistry And The Aquarium: Solving Calcium And Alkalinity Problems ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
pH And The Reef Aquarium
Phosphate In The Reef Aquarium
Nitrate in the Reef Aquarium - REEFEDITION
Calcium and Alkalinity
The Many Methods for Supplementing Calcium and Alkalinity - REEFEDITION
How a Two Part Alkalinity and Calcium System Works, and Why it Matters
A DIY Alkalinity Test: By Randy Holmes-Farley - REEFEDITION
A Simplified Guide to the Relationship Between Calcium, Alkalinity, Magnesium and pH by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
When Do Calcium and Alkalinity Demand Not Exactly Balance? by Randy Holmes-Farley
An Improved Do-it-Yourself Two-Part Calcium and Alkalinity Supplement System by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Aquarium Chemistry: A Homemade Two-Part Calcium And Alkalinity Additive System ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Chemistry And The Aquarium: Solving Calcium And Alkalinity Problems ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Chemistry And The Aquarium: How To Select A Calcium And Alkalinity Supplementation Scheme ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Electronic Calcium Monitoring by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Aquarium Chemistry: Purity Of Calcium Chloride ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Calcium and Alkalinity - Reefkeeping.com
Chemistry And The Aquarium: Calcium Carbonate As A Supplement ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Chemistry And The Aquarium: The Relationship Between Alkalinity And pH ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Aquarium Chemistry: The Chemical and Biochemical Mechanisms of Calcification ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Chemistry and the Aquarium: Calcium ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Chemistry and the Aquarium: What is Alkalinity? ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Salinity
Refractometers and Salinity Measurement
Reef Aquarium Salinity: DIY Calibration Standards
Temperature Corrections for Hydrometers by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Chemistry and the Aquarium: Specific Gravity: Oh How Complicated! ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Using Conductivity to Measure Salinity
AquariumFish.com :: Aquarium Fish International :: The monthly magazine for both novice and expert aquarium hobbyists.
Reef Aquarium Water Parameters
Reef Aquarium Water Parameters by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
What is TDS
What is TDS? by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Iron
Chemistry And The Aquarium: Iron In A Reef Tank ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Chemistry And The Aquarium: Iron: A Look At Organisms Other Than Macroalgae ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Iodine
Chemistry And The Aquarium: Iodine in Marine Aquaria: Part I ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Chemistry And The Aquarium: Iodine In Reef Tanks 2: Effects On Macroalgae Growth ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Magnesium and Strontium
Do-It-Yourself Magnesium Supplements for the Reef Aquarium by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Aquarium Chemistry: Strontium and the Reef Aquarium ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Aquarium Chemistry: Magnesium In Reef Aquaria ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Aquarium Chemistry: Magnesium And Strontium In Limewater ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
A Simplified Guide to the Relationship Between Calcium, Alkalinity, Magnesium and pH by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Limewater (kalkwasser)
What Your Grandmother Never Told You About Lime by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Chemistry And The Aquarium: Metals In Limewater ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
The Degradation of Limewater in Air - Reefkeeping.com
Aquarium Chemistry: Magnesium And Strontium In Limewater ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Chemistry And The Aquarium: How To Select A Calcium And Alkalinity Supplementation Scheme ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Metals in Aquaria
Chemistry And The Aquarium: Aluminum In The Reef Aquarium ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Aquarium Chemistry: Tap Water in Reef Aquaria ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Chemistry And The Aquarium: Iron In A Reef Tank ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Chemistry And The Aquarium: Iron: A Look At Organisms Other Than Macroalgae ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Chemistry And The Aquarium: Metals In Limewater ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Boron and Borate (and pH buffering)
Chemistry And The Aquarium: Boron In A Reef Tank ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Chemistry And The Aquarium: The Seachem Borate Alkalinity Test Kit ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Chemistry And The Aquarium: The Salifert Boron Test Kit ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Ozone
Ozone and the Reef Aquarium, Part 1: Chemistry and Biochemistry by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Ozone and the Reef Aquarium, Part 2: Equipment and Safety by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Ozone and the Reef Aquarium, Part 3: Changes in a Reef Aquarium upon Initiating Ozone by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Others
My Triton Testing Results: By Randy Holmes-Farley - REEFEDITION
http://reefkeeping.com/issues/2006-09/rhf/index.php
Ammonia and the Reef Aquarium by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Problem Dinoflagellates and pH by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Photosynthesis and the Reef Aquarium, Part I: Carbon Sources by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
What is Skimming? by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Hydrogen Sulfide and the Reef Aquarium by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Water Changes in Reef Aquaria by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
The Units of Measure of Reefkeeping by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
What is that Precipitate in My Reef Aquarium? by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Reverse Osmosis/Deionization Systems to Purify Tap Water for Reef Aquaria by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Reef Chemistry Quiz 2007
Reef Chemistry Quiz 2007 (Questions) by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Reef Chemistry Quiz 2006
Reef Chemistry Quiz (Questions) by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Iron Oxide Hydroxide (GFO) Phosphate Binders by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Aquarium Chemistry: Measuring pH with a Meter
https://www.advancedaquarist.com/2004/2/chemistry
A Comparison of pH Calibration Buffers by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Aquarium Chemistry: Tap Water in Reef Aquaria ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
ORP and the Reef Aquarium - Reefkeeping.com
Chloramine and the Reef Aquarium - Reefkeeping.com
Nitrite and the Reef Aquarium by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Feature Article: Silica In Reef Aquariums ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
What is TDS? by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Sea Urchins: A Chemical Perspective by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Organic Compounds in the Reef Aquarium by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Chemistry And The Aquarium: Solutions To pH Problems ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Chemistry And The Aquarium: Phosphorus: Algae's Best Friend ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Nitrate and the Reef Aquarium
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/2003/8/chemistry
Some more of mine. These are older and, unfortunately, just like a chemical, they apparently are degrading with time. Equations and symbols seem to be having problems, so some are becoming harder to read and understand:
The Complete Nitrogen Cycle
Aquarium Frontiers Library
Magnesium (older article with fonts screwed up)
AquariumFish.com :: Aquarium Fish International :: The monthly magazine for both novice and expert aquarium hobbyists.
Phosphate (older article now reproduced in a poor fashion)
AquariumFish.com :: Aquarium Fish International :: The monthly magazine for both novice and expert aquarium hobbyists.
Carbon Dioxide
Aquarium Frontiers Library
Understanding Seawater
Aquarium Frontiers On-Line: Feature
Protein Skimming: How It Works
Skimming by RHF
Some of them need updating, and we'll be posting revisions at R2R, but there are not many things which I think are incorrect.
Handy Calculators (I don't claim to have written these, but they are very useful)
Reef Chemistry Calculator
Calcium Reactor Setup Help
General Articles
Optimal Parameters for a Coral Reef Aquarium
What is Seawater? by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Solving Common Problems
Chemistry And The Aquarium: Solving Calcium And Alkalinity Problems ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
pH And The Reef Aquarium
Phosphate In The Reef Aquarium
Nitrate in the Reef Aquarium - REEFEDITION
Calcium and Alkalinity
The Many Methods for Supplementing Calcium and Alkalinity - REEFEDITION
How a Two Part Alkalinity and Calcium System Works, and Why it Matters
A DIY Alkalinity Test: By Randy Holmes-Farley - REEFEDITION
A Simplified Guide to the Relationship Between Calcium, Alkalinity, Magnesium and pH by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
When Do Calcium and Alkalinity Demand Not Exactly Balance? by Randy Holmes-Farley
An Improved Do-it-Yourself Two-Part Calcium and Alkalinity Supplement System by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Aquarium Chemistry: A Homemade Two-Part Calcium And Alkalinity Additive System ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Chemistry And The Aquarium: Solving Calcium And Alkalinity Problems ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Chemistry And The Aquarium: How To Select A Calcium And Alkalinity Supplementation Scheme ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Electronic Calcium Monitoring by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Aquarium Chemistry: Purity Of Calcium Chloride ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Calcium and Alkalinity - Reefkeeping.com
Chemistry And The Aquarium: Calcium Carbonate As A Supplement ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Chemistry And The Aquarium: The Relationship Between Alkalinity And pH ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Aquarium Chemistry: The Chemical and Biochemical Mechanisms of Calcification ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Chemistry and the Aquarium: Calcium ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Chemistry and the Aquarium: What is Alkalinity? ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Salinity
Refractometers and Salinity Measurement
Reef Aquarium Salinity: DIY Calibration Standards
Temperature Corrections for Hydrometers by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Chemistry and the Aquarium: Specific Gravity: Oh How Complicated! ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Using Conductivity to Measure Salinity
AquariumFish.com :: Aquarium Fish International :: The monthly magazine for both novice and expert aquarium hobbyists.
Reef Aquarium Water Parameters
Reef Aquarium Water Parameters by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
What is TDS
What is TDS? by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Iron
Chemistry And The Aquarium: Iron In A Reef Tank ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Chemistry And The Aquarium: Iron: A Look At Organisms Other Than Macroalgae ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Iodine
Chemistry And The Aquarium: Iodine in Marine Aquaria: Part I ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Chemistry And The Aquarium: Iodine In Reef Tanks 2: Effects On Macroalgae Growth ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Magnesium and Strontium
Do-It-Yourself Magnesium Supplements for the Reef Aquarium by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Aquarium Chemistry: Strontium and the Reef Aquarium ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Aquarium Chemistry: Magnesium In Reef Aquaria ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Aquarium Chemistry: Magnesium And Strontium In Limewater ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
A Simplified Guide to the Relationship Between Calcium, Alkalinity, Magnesium and pH by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Limewater (kalkwasser)
What Your Grandmother Never Told You About Lime by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Chemistry And The Aquarium: Metals In Limewater ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
The Degradation of Limewater in Air - Reefkeeping.com
Aquarium Chemistry: Magnesium And Strontium In Limewater ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Chemistry And The Aquarium: How To Select A Calcium And Alkalinity Supplementation Scheme ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Metals in Aquaria
Chemistry And The Aquarium: Aluminum In The Reef Aquarium ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Aquarium Chemistry: Tap Water in Reef Aquaria ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Chemistry And The Aquarium: Iron In A Reef Tank ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Chemistry And The Aquarium: Iron: A Look At Organisms Other Than Macroalgae ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Chemistry And The Aquarium: Metals In Limewater ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Boron and Borate (and pH buffering)
Chemistry And The Aquarium: Boron In A Reef Tank ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Chemistry And The Aquarium: The Seachem Borate Alkalinity Test Kit ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Chemistry And The Aquarium: The Salifert Boron Test Kit ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Ozone
Ozone and the Reef Aquarium, Part 1: Chemistry and Biochemistry by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Ozone and the Reef Aquarium, Part 2: Equipment and Safety by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Ozone and the Reef Aquarium, Part 3: Changes in a Reef Aquarium upon Initiating Ozone by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Others
My Triton Testing Results: By Randy Holmes-Farley - REEFEDITION
http://reefkeeping.com/issues/2006-09/rhf/index.php
Ammonia and the Reef Aquarium by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Problem Dinoflagellates and pH by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Photosynthesis and the Reef Aquarium, Part I: Carbon Sources by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
What is Skimming? by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Hydrogen Sulfide and the Reef Aquarium by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Water Changes in Reef Aquaria by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
The Units of Measure of Reefkeeping by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
What is that Precipitate in My Reef Aquarium? by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Reverse Osmosis/Deionization Systems to Purify Tap Water for Reef Aquaria by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Reef Chemistry Quiz 2007
Reef Chemistry Quiz 2007 (Questions) by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Reef Chemistry Quiz 2006
Reef Chemistry Quiz (Questions) by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Iron Oxide Hydroxide (GFO) Phosphate Binders by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Aquarium Chemistry: Measuring pH with a Meter
https://www.advancedaquarist.com/2004/2/chemistry
A Comparison of pH Calibration Buffers by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Aquarium Chemistry: Tap Water in Reef Aquaria ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
ORP and the Reef Aquarium - Reefkeeping.com
Chloramine and the Reef Aquarium - Reefkeeping.com
Nitrite and the Reef Aquarium by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Feature Article: Silica In Reef Aquariums ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
What is TDS? by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Sea Urchins: A Chemical Perspective by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Organic Compounds in the Reef Aquarium by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com
Chemistry And The Aquarium: Solutions To pH Problems ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Chemistry And The Aquarium: Phosphorus: Algae's Best Friend ? Advanced Aquarist | Aquarist Magazine and Blog
Nitrate and the Reef Aquarium
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/2003/8/chemistry
Some more of mine. These are older and, unfortunately, just like a chemical, they apparently are degrading with time. Equations and symbols seem to be having problems, so some are becoming harder to read and understand:
The Complete Nitrogen Cycle
Aquarium Frontiers Library
Magnesium (older article with fonts screwed up)
AquariumFish.com :: Aquarium Fish International :: The monthly magazine for both novice and expert aquarium hobbyists.
Phosphate (older article now reproduced in a poor fashion)
AquariumFish.com :: Aquarium Fish International :: The monthly magazine for both novice and expert aquarium hobbyists.
Carbon Dioxide
Aquarium Frontiers Library
Understanding Seawater
Aquarium Frontiers On-Line: Feature
Protein Skimming: How It Works
Skimming by RHF
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