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@r.bergonia19 are you questions answered?
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@r.bergonia19 are you questions answered?
\ there is not one "approved" solution for each situation. You are entitled to your opinion, as is everyone else here. It is up to each reader to determine the path they will take.
I apologize for not providing a reference, but from the research I have gone over the bacteria in the water column is irrelevant. It is the residual of the colony that comes from surface a area.@ikegolani, just for clarification, bacteria is most certainly present in the water column! Advanced aquarist had a really nice paper on this that you can still easily search and find. I can't remember the exact numbers but I'm thinking it was around 20% of denitrifying bacteria was water column! I see post very frequently stating its only on rocks, sand, etc!